生物辨識: 以個人特徵辨認身分 The Rise of Biometrics
隨著科技越來越融入在我們的日常生活中，新形式也不 斷出現。
目錄 / More to Learn / Grammar Tips / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
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As technology becomes increasingly ingrained in our daily lives, new forms continue to emerge all the time. One novel example that you might have heard about is biometrics. This technology is defined as a means of identifying and authenticating a person using biological characteristics. Common biometric types include fingerprint mapping, facial recognition, and retina scans. Biometrics can be used to either authenticate a person’s identity or identify individuals. Biometric authentication involves comparing a person’s data with their previously stored information. In contrast, biometric identification involves comparing a person’s data to that of others in a database to determine their identity.
Biometrics can be classified into two categories: physiological measurements and behavioral measurements. Physiological measurements can be further divided into two sets. Morphological identifiers refer to physical characteristics unique to an individual and that are unlikely to change, including fingerprints and eyes. For a biological analysis, DNA, blood, or urine samples are used. Contrary to physiological measurements, behavioral measurements look at a person’s actions, such as how they talk, walk, and even sign their name.
While biometrics might seem like a new, cutting-edge technology, it has actually been used for over 100 years. Around the turn of the 20th century, police forces in cities like London and Paris began using fingerprints to identify criminals. Law enforcement remains one of the most common fields where biometrics is employed. This includes using advanced technology like Automatic Biometric Identification Systems that can find criminals based on photos. Biometrics has also become widely used for immigration and border control. Many airports now have passengers scan their faces and fingertips upon entry and exit.
While advancements in biometrics can be helpful, there are still concerns. Not all biometric tests are 100% accurate, and some facial recognition programs have been known to misidentify people of color more frequently. Hopefully, as this technology further develops, it will be used in ways that prioritize beneficial applications for society.
1.According to the passage, how does biometric authentication differ from biometric identification?
n. 發展，改善
●
cutting-edge [ˌkʌtɪŋˈɛdʒ]
a. 尖端的，最新的
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ingrained [ɪnˋgrend]
a. 根深蒂固的
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physiological [͵fɪzɪəˋlɑdʒɪk!]
a. 生理（學）的
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behavioral [bɪˋhevjərəl]
a. 行為的
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analyses [əˋnæləsɪz]
n. 分析（複數形）
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authenticate [ɔˋθɛntɪ͵ket]
vt. 證實
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authentication [ɔ͵θɛntɪˋkeʃən]
n. 證實
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morphological [͵mɔrfəˋlɑdʒəkəl]
a. 形態的
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identifier [aɪˋdɛntə͵faɪɚ]
n. 識別符號
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fingertip [ˋfɪŋgɚ͵tɪp]
n. 指尖
Practical Phrases
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be unique to + 地方 為某地方所獨有
= be native to + 地方
= be indigenous to + 地方
Kiwi birds are unique to New Zealand. Nowhere else can you find them.
鷸鴕為紐西蘭所獨有，其他地方都找不到。
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compare A to B 把 A 比喻為 B
Life is often compared to a long journey.
人生常被比喻為一段漫長的旅程。
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be classified into 被區分為 A 和 B
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be beneficial to / for... 對......有益
Exercising on a daily basis is beneficial to your health.
每天運動對你的健康有好處。
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compare A with B 將 A 與 B 作比較
Some parents like to compare their kids with other kids.
有些父母喜歡拿他們的孩子和別人的孩子作比較。
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contrary to... 與⋯⋯相反（的是）
Contrary to popular belief, that country is filled with beautiful landscapes.
和一般認知不同的是，那個國家到處都是美景。
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in contrast 相對地，相較之下
Sarah is usually quiet. In contrast, her brother is always noisy.
莎拉通常很安靜。相較之下，她弟弟一向很吵。
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be divided into 被分成⋯⋯
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the turn of the + 序數詞 + century 在某世紀交替之時
More to Learn
biometrics [ ͵baɪəˋmɛtrɪks ] n. 生物辨識
• With biometrics, you can unlock your smartphone by simply scanning your face or fingerprint.
有了生物辨識，你可以簡單地掃描臉部或指紋來解鎖你的智慧型手機。
字首 bio- 表「生物」，以下介紹常見單字:
a. biological [ ͵baɪəˋlɑdʒɪk! ] a. 生物學的
• We all have a biological clock that tells us when to sleep and wake up.
我們都有一個生理時鐘告訴我們何時該睡覺和起床。
b. biology [ baɪˋɑlədʒɪ ] n. 生物(學)
• My mother’s love for gardening fostered my interest in biology.
我媽媽對園藝的喜好培養了我對生物學的興趣。
c. biofuel [ ˈbaɪəʊfjʊəl ] n. 生質燃料
biodiesel [ ˈbaɪəʊˌdiːzl ] n. 生質柴油(由植物油或動物脂肪製成的燃料)
• Biofuels are fuels made from plants or animals.
生質燃料是用植物或動物製成的燃料。
d. biodiversity [ baɪo͵daɪˋvɝsətɪ ] n. 生物多樣性
• Madagascar is famous for its biodiversity.
馬達加斯加以其生物多樣性聞名。
e. biodegradable [ ˋbaɪodɪˋgredəb! ] a. 能進行生物分解的
• Some plastic bags are biodegradable.
有些塑膠袋能進行生物分解。
Grammar Tips
Many airports now have passengers scan their faces and fingertips upon entry and exit.
have 當使役動詞時，有下列三種用法:
※ have 表「叫(某人做某事)」，可用 make 代替，其後加受詞，再以原形動詞作補語(本文即為此用法)， 形成下列句型:
have + 受詞(通常為人)+ 原形動詞
叫⋯⋯(某人)做⋯⋯
= make + 受詞 + 原形動詞
= get + 受詞 + to + 原形動詞
• Elaine had / made her son fix her phone.
= Elaine got her son to fix her phone.
伊蓮叫兒子修她的手機。
※ have 亦可表「把(某物)⋯⋯」，可用 get 代替，此時則以過去分詞作受詞補語，形成下列句型:
have + 受詞 + 過去分詞
把⋯⋯(被)⋯⋯(常指請他人代勞，而非親自做)
= get + 受詞 + 過去分詞
• Andy had / got his car washed over the weekend.
安迪在週末的時候讓人把他的車洗好了。
※ have 加受詞後，其後亦可接現在分詞作受詞補語，強 調動作自然發生或持續進行。句型如下:
have + 受詞 + 現在分詞 使/讓⋯⋯一直(做)⋯⋯
• The singer’s performance had her fans screaming and jumping in the arena.